In what circumstance is an inventory search most commonly performed?

An inventory search is most commonly performed following an arrest or vehicle impoundment. This type of search is conducted by law enforcement to document the contents of a vehicle or personal belongings to protect the owner's property while it is in police custody and to safeguard the police from potential claims of lost or stolen items. The primary purpose is not to search for evidence of a crime but rather to create a record of what is present. This practice is deemed acceptable under the Fourth Amendment, provided the search is conducted in accordance with established procedures and policies.

Performing an inventory search after an arrest or impoundment ensures that officers systematically account for all items, reducing liability and ensuring that no property is unaccounted for when returned to the owner.